Guiduas 1 腾讯云CVM搭建FTP服务器记录

Guiduas 1 腾讯云CVM搭建FTP服务器记录

三月 01, 2020

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最近使用远程控制比较多，向日葵传文件不行，Teamview偶尔不稳定，正好配个FTP服务器，可以做个临时中转站放放代码啥的。

Configure

  1. 安装vsftpd

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    sudo apt-get install vsftpd

  2. 用户配置

    • 使用默认用户和文件夹（deserted）

      vsftpd会自动添加用户ftp，以及权限属于root用户组ftp用户的文件夹/srv/ftp：

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      drwxr-xr-x  2 root ftp  4096 Mar  1 14:01 ftp

      可以直接使用当前用户以及文件夹，通过以下命令为用户ftp添加密码，作为ftp服务器的用户

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      sudo passwd ftp

    • 使用指定用户和文件夹

      使用以下指令添加用户、密码、文件夹并修改文件夹权限

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      sudo useradd lucas
      sudo passwd lucas
      sudo mkdir /home/lucas
      sudo chown lucas:lucas /home/lucas
      sudo chmod 777 /home/lucas

  3. 备份配置文件/etc/vsftpd.conf

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    sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.orig

  4. 修改配置文件/etc/vsftpd.conf

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    sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
    # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
    # 
    # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
    # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
    # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
    #
    # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
    # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
    # capabilities.
    #
    #
    # Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
    # daemon started from an initscript.
    listen=YES
    #
    # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
    # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
    # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
    # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
    # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
    # files.
    #listen_ipv6=YES
    #
    # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
    anonymous_enable=NO
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
    local_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
    write_enable=YES
    #
    # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
    # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
    #local_umask=022
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
    # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
    # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
    #anon_upload_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
    # new directories.
    #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
    # go into a certain directory.
    dirmessage_enable=YES
    #
    # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
    # in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
    # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
    # option.
    use_localtime=YES
    #
    # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
    xferlog_enable=YES
    #
    # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
    connect_from_port_20=YES
    #
    # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
    # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
    # recommended!
    #chown_uploads=YES
    #chown_username=whoever
    #
    # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
    # below.
    #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
    #
    # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
    # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
    #xferlog_std_format=YES
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
    #idle_session_timeout=600
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
    #data_connection_timeout=120
    #
    # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
    # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
    #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
    #
    # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
    # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
    # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
    #async_abor_enable=YES
    #
    # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
    # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
    # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
    # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
    # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
    # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
    # raw file.
    # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
    #ascii_upload_enable=YES
    #ascii_download_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah Lucas's FTP service.
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
    #
    # You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
    # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
    # chroot_list_enable below.
    #chroot_local_user=YES
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
    # users to NOT chroot().
    # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
    # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
    # chroot)
    chroot_local_user=YES
    chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
    #
    # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
    # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
    # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
    # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
    #ls_recurse_enable=YES
    #
    # Customization
    #
    # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
    # default.
    #
    # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
    # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
    # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
    # access.
    secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
    #
    # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    #
    # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
    # encrypted connections.
    rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
    rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
    ssl_enable=NO

    #
    # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
    #utf8_filesystem=YES

    local_root=/home/lucas
    allow_writeable_chroot=YES
    pasv_enable=YES
    pasv_address=111.229.108.131    // public network IP Address
    pasv_min_port=40000
    pasv_max_port=45000

  5. 创建并编辑 chroot_list 文件

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    sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

    在其中加入允许访问FTP服务器的所有用户。

  6. 执行以下命令，重启vsftpd服务

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    systemctl restart vsftpd

Test

通过在服务器中执行ftp 111.229.108.131可以在命令行内交互式（能够返回即时的错误信息）进行FTP服务：

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ubuntu@VM-0-15-ubuntu:/home$ ftp 111.229.108.131

Connected to 111.229.108.131.
220 Welcome to blah Lucas's FTP service.
Name (111.229.108.131:ubuntu): lucas
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ^C
ftp> 221 Goodbye.

Others

  • FTP挂载文件夹名最好和所属用户名相同；
  • 搭建好 FTP 服务后，需要根据实际使用的 FTP 模式给 Linux 云服务器放通入站规则——设置安全组规则；

References